Historical+Background+of+Late+Renaissance+and+Early+17th+Century

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Historical Background
>> to move towards ideas of landscape, courtly scenes, and acceptable religious pieces
 * **LATE RENAISSANCE (1500-1600)**
 * Many of the common people before this time could not read or write, the invention of the printing press made more and more books which now became affordable
 * In 1517 Martin Luther posted his Ninety-Five Theses in the Germans common language which caused the establishment of Protestantism, which was a Christian movement away from Catholicism, which is known as the Protestant Reformation
 * The protestant movement caused art and literature
 * The main reason for the split was because of the corruptness of the Church, the Pope was more like a political figure than a religious figure. Indulgences were sold and this would get people into Heaven quicker. Luther argued that this was wrong and that people must earn their place in Heaven. Luther also challenged Transubstantiation, which was the part of the mass when the priest changed the bread and wine into the body and blood of christ. He argued that no where in the bible does it say that they can do that and people should read the bible themselves, not just be told what is in it. So that people could read the Bible, he translated it into German
 * In 1545 the Council of Trent was called. This was to settle the issues raised by Luther. He was excommunicated in the process, which is basically getting kicked out of the church.
 * Since the Black Plague was no longer a looming problem, the population began to rise again and many more people began reading and writing
 * This period is known as the "Early modern period"
 * Many prominent authors and artists came about during this time
 * **Early 17th Century (1601-1699)**
 * Important events:
 * Baroque movement, The Scientific Revolution, Dutch Golden age.
 * Increased colonization of the Americas.
 * Louis XIV declared absolute power of France and expanded French territories.
 * England:[[image:images-1.jpeg width="102" height="150" align="right"]]
 * Population about 4 and a half million
 * Founded Jamestown in 1607
 * In 1620 the mayflower set sail.
 * Harry Purcell (English Composer)
 * Society:
 * Very Feudal (lords, gentry…)
 * The Scientific Revolution:
 * Sir Francis Bacon[[image:images.jpeg align="right"]]
 * Scientific method
 * Made science more accessible to avg. people.
 * [|The Protestant Reformation]and the Religious Wars
 * 30 years war
 * Between Catholics and Protestants
 * Catholic France sided with the Protestants
 * ended with the treaty of Westphalia in 1688
 * Video of the early and late Renaissance. (skip to 7:20)
 * media type="youtube" key="4SL50pc7C3o" height="344" width="425"

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